Cosumnes River College

The accounting program provides training for entry-level employment in private industry, government accounting or for self-employment as a provider of computer-based bookkeeping and/or tax services. In addition, those individuals already employed in accounting can work toward career advancement by taking additional courses. Generally, employment in this specialization also requires proficiency in computer applications and good communication skills.

The accounting program provides training for entry-level employment in private industry, government accounting or for self-employment as a provider of computer-based bookkeeping and/or tax services. In addition, those individuals already employed in accounting can work toward career advancement by taking additional courses. Generally, employment in this specialization also requires proficiency in computer applications and good communication skills.

Cosumnes River College's business programs are designed to provide an entrance into an exciting career. Many opportunities are available which can lead to immediate employment and/or career advancement. CRC offers a variety of degrees and certificates to meet students' present and future needs. Whether it is one class or a step toward a degree, there are a variety of options.

Cosumnes River College's business programs are designed to provide an entrance into an exciting career. Many opportunities are available which can lead to immediate employment and/or career advancement. CRC offers a variety of degrees and certificates to meet students' present and future needs. Whether it is one class or a step toward a degree, there are a variety of options.

CRC offers courses which satisfy State of California prerequisites for Real Estate Broker examinations.

CRC offers, in addition to a Real Estate AA Degree, a variety of courses available which satisfy State of California prerequisites for Real Estate Salesperson and Real Estate Broker examinations.

CRC offers, in addition to a Real Estate AA Degree, a variety of courses available which satisfy State of California prerequisites for Real Estate Salesperson and Real Estate Broker examinations.

The objective of this certificate is to develop design and job-related skills necessary for entry into the professional field of architecture. The curriculum focuses on development of critical thinking and problem solving abilities as a means to creative thinking. College preparation for a career in architecture spans several disciplines and includes the development of knowledge and competencies in areas such as: architectural design; visual communication and drawing; computer modeling and rendering; construction methods and materials; energy systems and an understanding of human needs and sociology as they relate to the built environment.

The objective of this program is to develop design and job-related skills necessary for entry into the professional field of architecture. The curriculum focuses on development of critical thinking and problem solving abilities as a means to creative thinking. College preparation for a career in architecture spans several disciplines and includes the development of knowledge and competencies in areas such as: architectural history and design; visual communication and drawing; computer modeling and rendering; construction methods and materials; energy systems and an understanding of human needs and sociology as they relate to the built environment.

This Certificate program provides students with a background in Computer-Aided Drafting & Design (CADD) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) for application to the architectural building space and design of buildings, interior space analysis and design to facilitate selection of materials & products promoting energy conservation, ecologically sustainable building space and building design using Green Building/LEED point principles.

This Degree program provides students with a background in Computer-Aided Drafting & Design (CADD) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) for application to the architectural building space and design of buildings, interior space analysis and design to facilitate selection of materials & products promoting energy conservation, ecologically sustainable building space and building design using Green Building/LEED point principles.

This Associate Science program utilizes CADD and Building Information Modeling (BIM) software to prepare students for careers in the area of Interior Building Architecture, Architecture, with an emphasis in Architectural Design.

This Associate Science program utilizes CADD and Building Information Modeling (BIM) software to prepare students for careers in the area of Interior Building Architecture, Architecture, with an emphasis in Architectural Design.

This CRC program offers training of management-level employees for the construction industry, as well as preparation for transfer to a four-year college or university construction program. Graduates may be employed by contractors, business and government agencies for work in project planning, estimating and project coordinating. A student planning to transfer to a four-year college or university should consult the lower division requirements of the anticipated college program.

This program offers training of management-level employees for the construction industry, as well as preparation for transfer to a four-year college or university construction program. Graduates may be employed by contractors, business and government agencies for work in project planning, estimating and project coordinating. A student planning to transfer to a four-year college or university should consult the lower division requirements of the anticipated college program.

Students interested in research related to field data collection and analysis will need certain skills to correctly find locations in the field, identify locations, map sites, and integrate collected data into a Geographic Information System (GIS) for display and analysis. This interdisciplinary certificate program provides students with the tools needed to collect, map, display, and analyze data collected in a field-based setting and coordinate this with other mapping data and sources.

The Welding Code Certificate specializes in the American Welding Society Structural Steel Welding Code (D1.1) and Seismic Welding Code (D1.8). Students have the option to select one of the three courses; Flux Core Arc Welding, Shielded Metal Arc Welding and Pipe Welding procedures as a focus course to prepare to take the Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) exam at an AWS testing site. Students may take all of the focus courses to assist with preparing for the CWI exam, but only one of the optional courses is needed to earn the certificate.

The Welding Fabricator Certificate specializes in up to date welding code and safety regulations, modern power sources and techniques, fabrication procedures with the Gas Metal Arc Welding Process and the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process. Students will have the opportunity to meet or exceed industry standards in-order to become employed in the welding industry.

The CRC welding program is designed for students interested in seeking employment or advancing employment in welding fabrication and industrial repairs.

Current job statistics show a long-term and growing industry demand for skilled welders with very good pay for those with experience in Gas Metal Arc Welding, Shielded Metal Arc Welding and Flux Core Arc Welding talents.

The Welding Program at Cosumnes River College specializes in welding training to meet current needs for the Welding Industry. In addition to learning technical welding skills of Shielded Metal Arc, Gas Metal Arc, Gas Tungsten Arc and Flux Core Arc Welding processes, students will be introduced to safety standards, common metal working machinery and welding practices common with the welding industry.

The curriculum is designed for students interested in seeking employment in the diagnosis and repair of automatic transmissions/transaxles.

This certificate represents a subset of the Ford Automotive Student Service Education Training (ASSET) Program and is intended for students wishing to specialize in automatic transmissions and transaxles. This certificate is designed to help students develop the skills necessary to efficiently and accurately maintain, diagnose, and service/repair automatic transmissions and transaxles.

This certificate represents a subset of the Ford Automotive Student Service Education Training (ASSET) Program and is intended for students wishing to specialize in automotive brake systems. This certificate is designed to help students develop the skills necessary to efficiently and accurately maintain, diagnose, and service/repair automotive brake systems.

This curriculum is designed for students interested in seeking employment in the repair and installation of automotive brakes systems.

This certificate represents a subset of the Ford Automotive Student Service Education Training (ASSET) Program and is intended for students wishing to specialize in automotive electrical systems. This certificate is designed to help students develop the skills necessary to efficiently and accurately maintain, diagnose, and service/repair automotive electrical systems.

This curriculum is designed for students interested in seeking employment in the diagnosis and repair of automotive electrical systems.

This curriculum is designed for students who are interested in seeking employment in the inspection, diagnosis, and/or repair of automotive emission control systems. Students completing this program may be eligible to pursue licensing as a California SMOG Check Inspector and/or California SMOG Check Repair Technician.

This certificate represents a subset of the Ford Automotive Student Service Education Training (ASSET) Program and is intended for students wishing to specialize in gasoline engine performance systems. This certificate is designed to help students develop the skills necessary to efficiently and accurately maintain, diagnose, and service/repair gasoline engine performance systems.

This curriculum is designed for students who are interested in seeking employment in the inspection, maintenance, diagnosis, and repair of automotive engine performance systems.

This certificate represents a subset of the Ford Automotive Student Service Education Training (ASSET) Program and is intended for students wishing to specialize in automotive engine repair. This certificate is designed to help students develop the skills necessary to efficiently and accurately maintain, diagnose, and service/repair automotive engines.

This curriculum is designed for students interested in seeking employment in the engine overhaul and engine repair field.

This certificate represents a subset of the Ford Automotive Student Service Education Training (ASSET) Program and is intended for students wishing to specialize in automotive heating and air conditioning systems. This certificate is designed to help students develop the skills necessary to efficiently and accurately maintain, diagnose, and service/repair automotive heating and air conditioning systems.

This curriculum is designed for students interested in seeking employment in the automotive heating and air conditioning repair/installation field.

The Ford Automotive Student Service Education Training (ASSET) Program is a two-year program in Automotive Mechanics Technology. This program is designed to help students develop the skills necessary to efficiently and accurately maintain, diagnose, and service/repair all major systems of the automobile.

The Ford Automotive Student Service Education Training (ASSET) Program is a two-year Associate's Degree program in Automotive Mechanics Technology. This program is designed to help students develop the skills necessary to efficiently and accurately maintain, diagnose, and service/repair all major systems of the automobile.

This one-year curriculum is designed for students who are seeking basic job entry skills for employment in the automotive field. Subsequent certificates and/or an Associate degree in Automotive Mechanics Technology can be earned without the need to repeat courses completed as part of this certificate. Completion of this certificate also represents completion of a National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation (NATEF) accredited Master Automotive Service Technology (MAST) program. Instructors for this program are Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) certified as required by NATEF standards.

This program emphasizes developing skills required for efficient diagnosis, maintenance, and repair of the automobile and its components. Completion of this degree also represents completion of a National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation (NATEF) accredited Master Automotive Service Technology (MAST) program. Instructors for this program are Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) certified as required by NATEF standards.

This certificate represents a subset of the Ford Automotive Student Service Education Training (ASSET) Program and is intended for students wishing to specialize in automotive suspension and steering systems. This certificate is designed to help students develop the skills necessary to efficiently and accurately maintain, diagnose, and service/repair automotive suspension and steering systems.

This curriculum is designed for students interested in seeking employment in the automotive suspension, steering, or wheel alignment fields.

This certificate represents a subset of the Ford Automotive Student Service Education Training (ASSET) Program and is intended for students wishing to specialize in manual transmissions/transaxles, drive trains, and axles. This certificate is designed to help students develop the skills necessary to efficiently and accurately maintain, diagnose, and service/repair manual transmissions/transaxles, drive trains, and axles.

The program in Chemical Dependency Studies centers around the specific skills and abilities necessary to provide comprehensive drug and alcohol counseling. Course work include the twelve counselor core function applications in addiction screening, intake, assessment, orientation, counseling, crisis intervention, consultation, client education, client rights, confidentiality, professional ethics and reports and record keeping.

The program in Chemical Dependency Studies centers around the specific skills and abilities necessary to provide comprehensive drug and alcohol counseling. Course work include the twelve counselor core function applications in addiction screening, intake, assessment, orientation, counseling, crisis intervention, consultation, client education, client rights, confidentiality, professional ethics and reports and record keeping.

This CRC program prepares students for employment as para-professionals with agencies such as youth group homes, youth and family services agencies, schools, probation, welfare, and mental health departments.

This CRC program prepares students for employment as para-professionals with agencies such as youth group homes, youth and family services agencies, schools, probation, welfare, and mental health departments.

This certificate meets the requirements for teaching in a publicly funded early care and education program. It requires an additional 6 units of specialized study beyond the teacher level certificate, allowing the student to select a particular focus of study (i.e., infant/toddler; culture and diversity; health and nutrition; children’s literature; and art or music for young children). Applicants must verify required experience teaching children and supervising staff to be recommended to the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing for issuance of the Master Teacher Child Development Permit.

This certificate provides a foundation for in-depth early childhood teacher preparation both through general education and through introductory studies in child development and in early childhood curriculum and pedagogy. Additionally, it covers culture and diversity issues in early childhood and health and safety practices. Students must verify required teaching experience to be recommended to the Commission on Teacher Credentialing for issuance of the Teacher Child Development Permit.

This program provides a comprehensive foundation for in-depth early childhood teacher preparation both through strong general education and principles and practices in child development and in early childhood curriculum and pedagogy. Topics include an introduction to the profession, observation techniques, age-appropriate curriculum, the child in the context of family and culture, and health and safety practices for early childhood educators.

This certificate provides the educational coursework that serves as the core curriculum for the early childhood education field. Topics include an introduction to the profession, observation techniques, and age-appropriate care and education. Additionally, it focuses on infant development and the care of education of infants/toddlers in group settings. The Infant Specialist Certificate is designed to prepare students to work with children ages 0-3 in a variety of early care and education settings. Completion of the Certificate fulfills the child development coursework requirement, combined with experience, for the California Child Development Permit at the Teacher level. Students meet the minimum requirements for employment in an infant care program.

Administration of early care and education programs is the main focus of this degree. Topics include administration, supervision and coordination of staff in early childhood settings. Additionally, it provides the educational coursework that serves as the core curriculum for the early childhood education field. Along with documented experience, this certificate leads to the Site Supervisor Permit issued by the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing and is required of those individuals supervising a publicly funded early childhood education site.

Upon completion of one of the following certificates, and with appropriate documented experience, the student meets the minimum requirements for employment in a privately funded child care program or family day care program. Certificates are designed to meet varying employment levels and focused training with infants and school-age children. These requirements are outlined in Title 22 (Department of Social Services) regulations for child care licensing.

Upon completion of one of the following certificates, and with appropriate documented experience, the student meets the minimum requirements for employment in a privately funded child care program or family day care program. Certificates are designed to meet varying employment levels and focused training with infants and school-age children. These requirements are outlined in Title 22 (Department of Social Services) regulations for child care licensing.

Cosumnes River College's Emergency Medical Technology course (EMT 100) is designed to provide the student with the skills and knowledge to apply for certification as an Emergency Medical Technician and is approved by the Sacramento County Health Department, Division of Emergency Medical Services, and the certifying agency for Sacramento County. EMT 100 course completion is mandatory for all personnel who wish to pursue State certification as an EMT. EMT certification from Sacramento County Health Department, Division of Emergency Medical Services is the first step to starting a career working on an ambulance. EMT certification is also a pre-employment requirement for most professional fire departments. Together with varying levels of actual on-the-job experience, it is often required for admission to Paramedic training programs throughout the state and country.

The fire service is one of the most dynamic employers in the country. This CRC program is designed to provide the student with updated skills and knowledge necessary to complete and successfully apply for fire service positions. The curriculum serves as an in-service program as well as a pre-employment program for students seeking employment or advancement in the profession of fire prevention.

The fire service is one of the most dynamic employers in the country. This CRC program is designed to provide the student with updated skills and knowledge necessary to complete and successfully apply for fire service positions. The curriculum serves as an inservice program as well as a pre-employment program for students seeking employment or advancement in the profession of urban fire fighting and fire suppression.

The fire service is one of the most dynamic employers in the country. This CRC program is designed to provide students with updated skills and knowledge necessary to complete and successfully apply for fire service positions. The purpose of the Fire Suppression Specialist Certificate is to recognize, through certification, qualified individuals who are dedicated to curtailing fire loss, both physical and financial, and who have acquired a level of professionalism through applied work experiences and related education opportunities, and through successful completion of a certification examination.

This certificate is designed for students who have completed the Database Analyst-SQL Certificate and aspire to be entry level programmers using the Structured Query Language (SQL). This is the second in a series of three certificate programs in Relational Database Management Systems. Courses taken towards the completion of the Database Analyst-SQL Certificate may be also be used towards this certificate.

This certificate is designed for beginning students as well as technical professionals who aspire to design, create, or administer relational databases and create client applications. Successful students will be prepared to apply for entry-level positions for industry such as business analyst. The Database Analyst Certificate is the first in a series of three certificate programs designed for the entry-level student and business user.

This certificate aims at preparing the students to understand the entire design, programming methodology and life cycle of databases. This certificate is designed for the student who requires programming skills in Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) and Structured Query Language (SQL) techniques using ORACLE, SQLServer and or Microsoft Access.

The Relational Database Administration Certificate is designed for a person who is responsible for interacting with SQL Programmers, Database Designers, Systems Administrators, and Network Engineers as well as the day-to-day operation of a Relational Database Management System. This course of study is appropriate for an entry level Database Administration position. Courses used towards the completion of the Computer Programmer - SQL certificate may also be used to satisfy the requirements of this certificate.

This program provides a foundation in algorithm development, programming techniques, data structures, and structured problem solving.

This degree allows students to acquire basic core Information Technology competencies that will prepare them for a career in Computer Networking, Cybersecurity, and related fields.

This certification will enhance students' proficiency in the development by using Object Oriented programming languages. After this certification, the student should be able to use Java, C++, C#, and etc. to develop object oriented Programs.

This CIS - Programming in C/C++ certificate provides students an advanced level of C/C++ programming skill. It will prepare students in advancing their career or transferring to four-year Universities.

This certificate prepares students to design, develop, support, and maintain corporate level Web pages and full Web sites at the level of the Intranet or Internet. Additionally, this certificate will prepare students to design and develop database management applications to support Web-based commercial objectives.

This certificate is designed to give students the benefits of hands-on training in Web Page Design and Publication, Internet usage, and proficiency with web-related media applications.

This program is an overview of computer programming.

Students who earn this certificate will likely be:

1) transferring as a Computer Science or Computer Engineering major to a California university campus without earning the Computer Science A.S. degree

2) learning to be a programmer to enhance their career

Web Developers are proficient at creating Web site structure and interactivity. The Web Developer degree requires students to design, code, and modify websites from layout to function, in accordance to a client’s specification. Students will work with a variety of tools, environments, and applications to learn and practice website programming, scripting languages, and interacting with databases.

This certificate is designed to give students currently employed as an Information Technology (IT) professional or those currently working on their Networking degree the additional skill sets necessary to work in this rapidly growing field.

This degree is designed to give students currently employed as an Information Technology (IT) Professional the additional skill sets necessary to work in this rapidly growing field.

This certificate allows students to acquire basic core Information Technology competencies that will prepare them for a career in Computer Networking, Cybersecurity, and related fields.

This degree allows students to acquire basic core Information Technology competencies that will prepare them for a career in Computer Networking, Cybersecurity, and related fields.

This one-year and fully-online certificate provides graduates with the skills needed to defend networks and information systems against cyber-attacks. Students receive extensive hands-on experience and develops the knowledge and abilities necessary to succeed in protection of an organization’s data and operations. It is a rigorous program designed to help students master the fundamentals of cybersecurity by applying industry-accepted and emerging practices to solve real-world security problems. Upon completion of the program, students will be able to evaluate security trends, recognize best practices, and understand Information Technology security products and threats. Some career opportunities associated with this degree include: security analyst, network systems security administrator, security policy analyst, and more.

This certificate is designed to give students currently employed as an Information Technology (IT) professional or those currently working on their Networking degree the additional skill sets necessary to work in this rapidly growing field.

This degree is designed to give students currently employed as an Information Technology (IT) Professional the additional skill sets necessary to work in this rapidly growing field.

This certificate allows students to acquire basic core Information Technology competencies that will prepare them for a career in Computer Networking, Cybersecurity, and related fields.

This degree allows students to acquire basic core Information Technology competencies that will prepare them for a career in Computer Networking, Cybersecurity, and related fields.

This certificate provides students the information necessary to obtain an entry-level career in the field of networking. Upon completion of this certificate, students will understand helpdesk concepts and responsibilities, hardware and software troubleshooting, and technical communication skill-sets. The fundamentals of supporting end users and a Local Area Network (LAN) will also be emphasized.

This certificate is designed for Network Help-desk Technicians, who want to gain additional skill-sets to become a Windows Server Administrator. Some of the skill-sets that are necessary for this job include the ability to deploy, install, and configure the components of a network system based on the Microsoft Windows platform and Microsoft server software; the ability to manage the components of a network system on an ongoing basis; the ability to monitor and optimize the components of a network system; and the ability to diagnose and resolve problems regarding the components of a network system.

CRC computer information science programs include study in computer programming, information systems security, computer networking, management information systems, and computer applications. A wide range of degree and certificate programs are available to meet the needs of transfer students who plan to complete a four-year degree as well as career/technical students who plan to enter the work force. Several of the programs are designed to promote a career ladder from certificate to associate degree to university transfer. Other programs are designed to upgrade the skill set of working IT professionals. All program options are designed with advice from business and industry representatives and conform to industry standards. For more information, refer to specific information about each program in the pages that follow. Transfer students should see a counselor to develop an educational plan based upon the specific requirements of the transfer institution.

This program provides training for employment in commercial culinary service operations. Courses begin at entry-level training; advanced courses build upon skills acquired in pre-requisite courses.

This program provides training for employment in commercial culinary service operations. Courses begin at entry-level training; advanced courses build upon skills acquired in pre-requisite courses.

The program includes coursework in culinary arts, baking and pastry, food and equipment use and identification, culinary sanitation, nutrition, marketing, legal control and financial analysis. Students will apply those skills with hands-on training in production centered labs.

The CRC Diagnostic Medical Sonography (DMS) Program includes didactic, laboratory, and practicum components that are structured to facilitate the achievement of educational and career goals. According to the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (ARDMS), sonographers are “highly-skilled professionals who use specialized equipment to create images of structures inside the human body that are used by physicians to make medical diagnoses." Sonographers have extensive, direct patient contact that may include performing some invasive procedures. They must be able to interact compassionately and effectively with people who range from healthy to critically ill.

The CRC Diagnostic Medical Sonography (DMS) Program includes didactic, laboratory, and practicum components that are structured to facilitate the achievement of educational and career goals. According to the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (ARDMS), sonographers are “highly-skilled professionals who use specialized equipment to create images of structures inside the human body that are used by physicians to make medical diagnoses". Sonographers have extensive, direct patient contact that may include performing some invasive procedures. They must be able to interact compassionately and effectively with people who range from healthy to critically ill.

The Health Information Coding Specialist Certificate prepares the student to apply medical coding classifications to health care encounters using industry standards through both theory and practical (externship) applications for the purpose of: meeting health care industry needs; preparing students for appropriate certification exams; and providing career ladder opportunities for health care workers.
A career as a health information coding specialist offers a unique opportunity to combine an interest in health information, business, and computer information science. Employment opportunities are available in long-term care, ambulatory care, and acute care facilities; state and federal health agencies; and private industry.

The CRC Health Information Technology A.S. degree program is designed to train health information professionals with the knowledge and skills to process, analyze, disseminate and maintain health care information. A career as a health information professional offers a unique opportunity to combine an interest in health information, business, and computer information science. Employment opportunities are available in long-term care, ambulatory care, and acute care facilities; state and federal health agencies; and private industry.

The CRC Medical Insurance Billing certificate program is designed to prepare students for entry-level positions in insurance billing in an ambulatory medical office setting. The curriculum is designed to give students the desired skills for employment in a physician's office or other ambulatory clinic.

The CRC Medical Assisting program is designed to prepare competent entry-level medical assistants in the cognitive (knowledge), psychomotor (skills), and affective (behavior) learning domains. Upon completion of the Certificate in Medical Assisting, students may take the CMA (AAMA) certification exam administered by American Association of Medical Assistants.

The CRC Medical Assisting program is designed to prepare competent entry-level medical assistants in the cognitive (knowledge), psychomotor (skills), and affective (behavior) learning domains. Upon completion of the Certificate in Medical Assisting, students may take the CMA (AAMA) certification exam administered by American Association of Medical Assistants.

This curriculum is designed to prepare the individual with front office skills for employment as an Administrative Medical Assistant in a physician's office, hospital, clinic, laboratory, pharmaceutical company, or health insurance company.

The CRC Pharmacy Technology Program includes didactic, laboratory, and practicum components that are structured to facilitate the achievement of educational and career goals. Pharmacy technicians are skilled technical health workers who perform a wide variety of pharmacy related tasks under the direct supervision of a registered pharmacist. Successful completion of the program not only prepares graduates to participate in taking the Pharmacy Technician Certification Exam (PTCE) but also qualifies students for licensure and registration with the California State Board of Pharmacy and be employed as entry-level pharmacy technician. The program has obtained a 6 year Accreditation Status conferred by the American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP) and the Accreditation Council of Pharmaceutical Education (ACPE).

This certificate is designed for students with three years of verifiable full-time experience working as an unregistered veterinary assistant. Upon completion of this certificate program, and three years clinical experience, the student will be fully eligible to take the State Board examination to become registered as a Veterinary Technician.

CRC's Veterinary Technology program is designed to provide the student with the skills and knowledge necessary to pursue a career as a Registered Veterinary Technician. The program offers a rigorous yet rewarding academic curriculum while simultaneously providing ample hands-on experience. The student will gain a working knowledge of animal behavior, restraint, nutrition and nursing. The curriculum will include, but not be restricted to, the performance of emergency care, anesthesia, dental care, surgical assistance and laboratory procedures.

This instructional program is designed to provide skills for industry. This option can lead to entry-level jobs in television, Cable TV, business or industrial video and graphics, animation, or digital media for broadcast, CD/DVD production and the Internet.

This two-year instructional program is designed to provide skills for industry and for degree or transfer. This option can lead to entry-level jobs in television, Cable TV, business or industrial video and graphics, animation, or digital media for broadcast, CD/DVD production and the Internet.