What Does a Plumber Do?

First, you’ll need to earn a high school diploma or equivalent. If you haven’t graduated yet, get a head start and take classes in science, math and technology. If drafting classes or vocational programs are available, take them. 

Next, start learning the trade through an accredited technical college, trade school or community college program. (Most, but not all apprenticeships require that you have some training prior to starting an apprenticeship.) Programs at this level will cover pipe system design, general plumbing safety and tool techniques.

If you need financial help for this step, there are plenty of trade school scholarships and grants available.

Your initial training will prepare you for the next big step: Learning on the job through an apprenticeship offered by an employer, union, trade group or industry association. Apprenticeship programs that do not require previous training will incorporate classroom time into the schedule. 

During an apprenticeship, you’re learn more specialized skills including local plumbing codes, safety protocols, blueprint reading, math, applied physics and chemistry. Most apprenticeships also cover plumbing hydraulics, pneumatics and mechanics plus electrical basics. Hands-on training will include installing and/or repairing pipes, fittings and fixtures, soldering and welding, and use of specialized machines.

Pass the local code and trade knowledge exams to get your plumber's license or certification. (State and city laws vary on which you’ll need, so be sure to check out SkillPointe’s licensing and certification requirements calculator to understand the rules where you want to work.)

With two to five years of experience, you can become a journeyman plumber and work independently.

Increase your salary potential and job opportunities by earning specialty plumber certifications, such as plumbing design, drainage systems or computer-aided design (CAD) software, which uses 3D imagery to help design plumbing systems for large projects.

From there, you could become a master plumber or even own your own business. In order to become a contractor in some states, you’ll need to reach the master plumber level. That level of training is also required to supervise other plumbers and apprentices.

Regardless of the path you choose, there’s so much potential in this career!

Plumbers drive on a regular basis to get to jobs, so you’ll need a driver’s license.

Some apprenticeship programs have age requirements (typically 18 years old), and some require background checks and drug tests.

Don’t skip the licensing step mentioned above. Though some states don’t require a license, others have penalties for working without a license. Do your homework and understand the local state and city requirements. 

Plumbing programs at technical schools vary in length. An apprenticeship will typically last four or five years, but you’ll be earning a paycheck during this phase. In fact, an apprentice’s wages increase each year as they progress through the program and learn more skills.

After you become a licensed plumber, it will take several more years of work before you can earn master plumber status.

Yes, there is always demand for plumbers — in good times and bad. The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts 48,600 openings each year for plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters from 2021 to 2031. (Pipefitter and steamfitter are related jobs that with specialized training could be another career path to take.)

Demand for plumbers will remain steady because, as we mentioned, everyone needs a plumber at some point! Plumbing skills are needed for new construction and existing residential and commercial properties. Plus, many current plumbers are nearing retirement age, so there’s a good opportunity for young people who want to explore this career.

Plumbers work full-time, including nights and weekends because a plumbing issue is often an emergency that can’t wait for regular business hours. 

The most common plumber employers are plumbing, heating and air-conditioning contractors. Some go on to become self-employed.

One other consideration is that plumbers may work outdoors and indoors, and the work conditions can be demanding.

Successful plumbers tend to share certain traits, including: 

• Good problem-solving abilities
• Good communication and listening skills
• Good at operating machinery and tools
• Excellent dexterity
• Able to handle heavy materials and tools
• Being safety-conscious
• A teamwork mentality