What Does a Police Officer Do?

Local and state governments employ the most officers, and the required steps vary. Step one is understanding what the rules are for the job you want.

Requirements range from a high school diploma or equivalent to a bachelor’s degree. Most employers — even those that don’t require a four-year degree — look for candidates who have earned an associate degree or completed government-approved training.

Criminal justice and law enforcement programs are offered at community colleges and universities.

For those interested in how to become a police officer without a college degree, know that it is possible. Experience in the military is beneficial, and in some cases will reduce the amount of time needed for education and training. Similar work in security may be considered helpful. 

The majority of police officer candidates go through Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST), more commonly known as the police academy. Successful graduates must pass the POST exam, also known as the licensing board exam. 

All paths to this career include classes on city and state laws, constitutional law, civil rights and ethics. Hands-on training covers emergency response, traffic control, firearms training and first aid. 

Continuing education is the norm in this line of work. It's needed to renew your license, to learn about new areas of police work and for hands-on training, such as driving a vehicle during an emergency. 

Continuing education is often linked to promotions. Police officers can advance to become detectives, criminal investigators or federal officers. 

LEARN MORE: Read How To Become a Police Officer.

Candidates must be 21 years old, a U.S. citizen and pass rigorous psychological, academic and physical exams. Those with felony backgrounds or who are saddled with debt may not be eligible.

A valid driver’s license is a must.

A drug test and a polygraph test are likely to be required. Many employers also require CPR training.

Speaking a second language is beneficial.

Most officers wear a uniform with a badge and carry required equipment.

As mentioned, it depends on the path you choose and the requirements in the state where you want to work. An associate degree takes two years. Police academy takes from four to six months. A bachelor’s degree takes four years. 

Most police officers work full-time during a normal week, with evening and weekend hours. Overtime is common.

Demand for officers varies by location, but in general, the job outlook is good. Overall employment is expected to grow 7% from 2020 to 2030, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 

Successful police officers tend to share these traits: 

• Calm temperament
• Honest
• Work well under pressure
• Good judgment
• Excellent communication and interpersonal skills
• Perceptive and quick-thinking
• Detail-oriented
• Hardworking and enjoy working in a changing environment
• Good physical condition